An Intelligent walking stick for visually-impaired people

ULTRASONIC BLIND STICK .

Introduction : Blind stick is an innovative stick designed for visually disabled people for improved navigation. We here propose an advanced blind stick that allows visually challenged people to navigate with ease using advanced technology. The blind stick is integrated with ultrasonic sensor along with light and water sensing. Our proposed project first uses ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles ahead using ultrasonic waves. On sensing obstacles the sensor passes this data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then processes this data and calculates if the obstacle is close enough. If the obstacle is not that close the circuit does nothing. If the obstacle is close the microcontroller sends a signal to sound a buzzer. It also detects and sounds a different buzzer if it detects water and alerts the blind. One more feature is that it allows the blind to detect if there is light or darkness in the room. The system has one more advanced feature integrated to help the blind find their stick if they forget where they kept it.A wireless rf transmitter based remote is used for this purpose. Pressing the remote button sounds a buzzer on the stick which helps the blind person to find their stick. Thus this system allows for obstacle detection as well as finding stick if misplaced by visually disabled people.

Hardware specifications : 

• Atmega Microcontroller
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic
• LDR Sensor 5MM Photoresistor
• Buzzer
• RF Tx Rx
• Encoder IC
• Decoder IC
• Crystal Oscillator
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Transistors
• Cables and Connectors
• Diodes
• PCB and Breadboards
• LED
• Transformer/Adapter
• Push Buttons
• Switch
• IC
• IC Sockets.      
• • • Software Specifications
    • • • Arduino Compiler
         
        • MC Programming Language: C

        ---

        Block Diagram
        

      • • APPLICATION OF SMART BLIND STICK :
        •  The blind stick is able to detect the water by integrating with ultrasonic sensor. In this system, the ultrasonic sensors are used to detect obstacles by using ultrasonic waves. By sensing the obstacles the sensor passes the received data to the microcontroller.                  
          • CONCLUSION :  The project proposed the design and architecture of a new concept of Smart Electronic Guiding Stick for blind people. The advantage of the system lies in the fact that it can prove to be very low cost solution to millions of blind person worldwide. ... This makes the system further more compact.